09 — Classical Models

SARIMA#

Classical✓ Mathematical
◆ The PatternARIMA with seasonal intelligence

SARIMA(p,d,q)(P,D,Q)m adds seasonal AR, differencing, and MA terms at seasonal lag m. This captures repeating patterns at fixed intervals — weekly (m=7), monthly (m=12), quarterly (m=4).

SARIMA(p,d,q)(P,D,Q)m
Lowercase = non-seasonal orders. Uppercase = seasonal orders at lag m. The model simultaneously captures short-term dynamics and periodic patterns.
// Interactive — seasonal pattern visualization
Season (m)12
Seasonal Strength60
# Python — SARIMA
from statsmodels.tsa.statespace.sarimax import SARIMAX

model = SARIMAX(series,
                order=(1, 1, 1),
                seasonal_order=(1, 1, 1, 12)).fit()
forecast = model.get_forecast(steps=24)
ci = forecast.conf_int(alpha=0.05)
Pattern bridge: Seasonal patterns in time series are the same calendar seasonality that drives market cycles. The Fourier terms in SARIMA connect to Fourier analysis in ML Math.
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